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目的:研究民航飞行员高血压危险水平,为高血压飞行员飞行安全监管提供依据。方法:随机抽取患有高血压飞行员213例为观察组,非高血压飞行员174例为对照组。对两组飞行员危险因素(如吸烟史、心血管病家族史、心绞痛史、三酰甘油水平等)进行调查和检测,并采用中国高血压联盟危险分层标准和PROCAM评分模型对血管病危险水平进行评估。结果:观察组飞行员体重指数、三酰甘油、血糖水平、视网膜动脉异常率显著高于对照组(P<0.05);HDL-C水平显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。观察组高血压飞行员中具有1种危险因素者为6.6%,2种者17.3%,3种者14.9%,4种以上者6.5%;对照组1种者12.5%,2种者12.9%,3种者11.3%,4种以上者0%,两组比较,差异显著(P<0.05)。观察组10年内死于心血管疾病危险概率>15%者,非常显著高于对照组(P<0.01)。结论:民航高血压飞行员存在一定程度的心血管病事件风险,对高血压飞行员的航空医学评定,应当考虑各种危险因素聚集,而非单纯依据高血压诊断标准去判断。
Objective: To study the risk level of hypertension in civil aviation pilots and provide the basis for the safety supervision of hypertension pilots. Methods: 213 patients with hypertension were randomly selected as observation group and 174 non-hypertension pilots as control group. Two groups of pilot risk factors (such as smoking history, family history of cardiovascular disease, history of angina, triglyceride levels, etc.) were investigated and tested, and the use of China Hypertension Union risk stratification criteria and PROCAM score model of vascular disease risk level to evaluate. Results: The body mass index, triglyceride, blood glucose level and abnormal retinal artery in pilot group were significantly higher than those in control group (P <0.05). The level of HDL-C in pilots was significantly lower than that in control group (P <0.05). In the observation group, there were 6.6% of the 1 risk factors, 17.3% of the 2 diseases, 14.9% of the 3 kinds of diseases, 6.5% of the 4 kinds or more of the hypertension pilots in the observation group, 12.5% in the control group, 12.9% in the 2 kinds, 3 11.3% of the species, 0% of more than 4 species, the difference between the two groups was significant (P <0.05). The observation group died of a risk of cardiovascular disease> 15% within 10 years, which was significantly higher than that of the control group (P <0.01). Conclusion: Civil aviation hypertension pilots have a certain degree of cardiovascular disease risk. For the aviation medical assessment of hypertension pilots, all kinds of risk factors should be considered, rather than simply based on the diagnostic criteria of hypertension.