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目的调查成都市市区3~6岁肥胖儿童的肠道菌群变化及饮食结构,分析儿童肥胖的影响因素。方法随机整群抽取成都市市区4所幼儿机构的76名3~6岁肥胖儿童纳入肥胖组,随机抽取年龄、性别相近的76名正常体重儿童纳入正常组。检测两组儿童肠道菌群变化情况,分析两组儿童每日食物摄入量,每日摄入食物达标、超标情况。对儿童肥胖的影响因素进行单因素及多因素分析。结果肥胖组儿童肠道变形菌门含量显著高于正常组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。肥胖组儿童油脂类每日摄入量显著高于正常组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。正常组儿童蔬菜类、粮食类、奶制品摄入达标率均显著高于肥胖组,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。肥胖组儿童肉类(禽、鱼肉)、蛋制品摄入超标率显著高于正常组,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。单因素分析显示:儿童肥胖与出生体重、每日户外活动时间、食欲、进食速度、父母肥胖、饭前食用零食相关。多因素分析显示:食欲好、进食速度快、饭前食用零食是儿童肥胖的影响因素(P<0.05)。结论 3~6岁肥胖儿童存在肠道变形菌门含量高、饮食结构失衡等特点;食欲好、进食速度快、饭前食用零食同此年龄段儿童肥胖的发生密切相关,应引起幼儿机构及儿童家长的重视。
Objective To investigate the changes of intestinal flora and diet in obese children aged 3 ~ 6 years old in urban area of Chengdu and analyze the influencing factors of childhood obesity. Methods A total of 76 obese children aged 3 ~ 6 years old from 4 young children’s institutions in urban area of Chengdu were randomly enrolled in the obesity group. 76 normal weight children of similar ages and genders were randomly assigned to the normal group. The changes of intestinal flora in two groups of children were detected. The daily intake of food and daily intake of food in both groups were analyzed. Univariate and multivariate analyzes were performed on the influencing factors of childhood obesity. Results The content of gut bacteria in obese children was significantly higher than that in normal group (P <0.05). The daily intake of fat in obese group was significantly higher than that in normal group, the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05). The compliance rates of vegetables, grains and dairy products in normal group were significantly higher than those in obese group (all P <0.05). The obesity group children’s meat (poultry, fish), egg product intake exceeded the standard was significantly higher than the normal group, the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05). Univariate analysis showed that childhood obesity was associated with birth weight, daily outdoor activity time, appetite, eating rate, parental obesity and eating snacks before meals. Multivariate analysis showed that: good appetite, fast eating, eating snacks before meals are the influencing factors of childhood obesity (P <0.05). Conclusion Obese children aged 3 ~ 6 years old have the characteristics of high content of gut bacteria and unbalanced diet structure. Good appetite, fast food intake and pre-meal snacks are closely related to the obesity of children in this age group, which should cause children institutions and children Parents attention.