持续血透析和肾移植改变了肾功能衰竭的自然病程及其临床表现。其结果,神经系统受累特别突出,由于生命延长及治疗带来的并发症,出现了一些新的综合症。本文总结尿毒症性脑病及其病理生理、尿毒症性神经病以及透析与肾移植的并发症的近代观点。尿毒症对中枢神经系统之影响在许多方面和其他代谢性及中毒性疾病相似。尿毒症性脑病的临床表现并不与任何单 Continuous hemodialysis and kidney transplantation have altered the natural course of renal failure and its clinical manifestations. As a result, the nervous system is particularly affected and some new syndromes have emerged due to prolonged life and complications resulting from the treatment. This article summarizes the modern view of uremic encephalopathy and its pathophysiology, uremic neuropathy and the complications of dialysis and kidney transplantation. The effects of uremia on the central nervous system are similar in many ways to other metabolic and toxic diseases. The clinical manifestations of uremic encephalopathy are not associated with any single form