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目的探讨上海宝山区进城务工人员子女自我意识发展情况以及自我意识与父母养育方式的关系。方法采用Piers-Harris儿童自我意识量表(PHCSS)和父母养育方式评价量表(EMBU)对上海宝山区进城务工人员子女小学及中学7所学校4 350名学生进行调查。结果进城务工人员子女自我意识水平量表总分及各因子得分均低于城市常模,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.001)。自我意识量表的各因子及总分与父母养育方式中的情感温暖、理解因子呈显著正相关(P<0.01),与父母的惩罚严厉因子、拒绝否认因子呈显著负相关(P<0.01)。自我意识量表中行为、焦虑、合群、幸福与满足因子及总分与父母的过分干涉因子、过度保护呈显著负相关(P<0.01),而智力与学校情况、躯体外貌与属性因子与父母的过分干涉、过度保护呈正相关(P<0.01)。结论上海宝山区进城务工人员子女自我意识水平低于城市儿童,父母养育方式是影响儿童自我意识水平的主要因素之一,良好的父母养育方式有利于儿童自我意识水平的发展。
Objective To explore the development of children’s self-awareness of migrant workers in Baoshan District of Shanghai and the relationship between self-awareness and parental rearing patterns. Methods The Piers-Harris Children’s Self-Consciousness Scale (PHCSS) and Parental Rearing Style Evaluation Scale (EMBU) were used to investigate 4 350 students from 7 schools in primary and secondary schools of migrant workers in Baoshan District, Shanghai. Results The scores of children’s self-awareness scale and the scores of each factor in urban migrant workers were lower than those in urban norms, the difference was statistically significant (P <0.001). There was a significant positive correlation between each factor and total score of self-awareness scale and emotional warmth and comprehension factor in parental rearing (P <0.01), and significant negative correlation with parental punishment severeness factor and rejection denial factor (P <0.01) . There was a significant negative correlation between behavioral, anxiety, gregarious, happy and satisfaction factors and total score in parental self-esteem scales and over-interference with parents and over-protection (P <0.01), while intelligence and school factors, physical appearance and attribute factors Of excessive interference, over-protection was positively correlated (P <0.01). Conclusion The children’s self-awareness of migrant workers in Baoshan District of Shanghai is lower than that of urban children. The parental rearing style is one of the main factors affecting children’s self-awareness level. Good parental rearing style is conducive to the development of children’s self-awareness.