人们对原发性肝癌(以下简称肝癌)的临床思维,经过了感性认识到理性认识的过程。开始,人们只看到肝癌的一些临床表现,如上腹疼痛、腹部肿块和腹水、黄疸、出血等。古代医学家把这些症状分别归为胃脘痛、鼓胀、黄疸、血症来进行治疗。他们只看到肝癌的临床现象和片面的 People’s clinical thinking on primary liver cancer (hereinafter referred to as liver cancer) has undergone a process of perceptual knowledge and rational understanding. At the beginning, people only saw some clinical manifestations of liver cancer, such as abdominal pain, abdominal masses and ascites, jaundice, and bleeding. Ancient medical scientists treated these symptoms as epigastric pain, swelling, jaundice, and hyperlipidemia. They only see the clinical phenomenon and one-sided