清代州县官莅任他乡会遭遇两种结构性困境:一是清代文官回避制度限制下,“外乡人”融入地方政治秩序的困难;二是八股取士的选官制度限制下,“外行人”参与地方治理的实务性知识匮乏的困难。为了还原对地方政治秩序更真切、丰富和贴近历史意见的理解,本文着力描述清代州县官莅任他乡的程序,关注州县官莅任过程中所遇到的种种困难以及应对这些困难所采取的办法,力图揭示导致州县官采取这些办法背后的结构性因素,同时探究这些结构性因素与地方政治具体形态之间存在的内在逻辑关系。本文认为,站在理想型意义上的、具有饱满儒家人格的州县官的角度,来看待、理解其所应对的困难及所采取的种种办法,可以更深层次地理解这些办法对他们为政理念的浸润。因此,本文是在传统政治的框架之内考察地方政治秩序的一次尝试。 In the Qing Dynasty, the magistrate’s magistrate’s visit to his hometown would encounter two kinds of structural dilemmas: one was the difficulty of “outsiders” being integrated into the local political order under the restrictions of the Qing dynasty civil official avoidance system; and the other was that under the restriction of the electoral system of eight- “Layman ” involved in the practical management of local governance, the lack of knowledge of the difficulties. In order to restore the understanding of the local political order more real, rich and close to the historical opinions, this article focuses on describing the procedure of the magistrate’s office in the Qing Dynasty, paying attention to the difficulties encountered by the magistrates in their appointment and the measures taken to deal with these difficulties Approach to reveal the structural factors that led the magistrate to take these measures and to explore the inherent logical relationship between these structural factors and the concrete forms of local politics. This paper argues that looking at the state and county officials with a full Confucian personality in the ideal sense and understanding the difficulties they have to deal with and the various measures they have adopted can give them a deeper understanding of how they are politicized Infiltration. Therefore, this article is an attempt to examine the local political order within the framework of traditional politics.