目的观察工业原料三聚氰胺连续给药诱发SD大鼠尿结石的成模情况。方法60日龄SPF级SD大鼠130只,雌雄各半,体质量(200+24)g,随机分为给药5个组和空白对照组各20只,溶媒对照组10只。给药组分别给予三聚氰胺0.05、0.1、0.2、0.3、0.4 g/(kg.d)连续灌胃;溶媒对照组灌胃10 g/L甲基纤维素蒸馏水2 mL/(只.d),空白对照组灌胃无菌水2 mL/(只.d)。采用体视显微镜观察大鼠肾脏、输尿管和膀胱形态改变,比较各组肾脏、膀胱的质量和脏器指数,观察大鼠CREA、BUN、UA、Ca、P、Mg含量变化。结果0.4 g/kg组给药20 d,0.2、0.4 g/kg组给药30 d,肌酐高于空白对照组;0.4 g/kg组给药30 d,尿素氮、尿酸高于空白对照组。给药20 d各组血钙、磷、镁均偏低。给药30 d,0.05、0.2、0.3、0.4 g/kg组左肾质量比空白对照组增加。各组肾脏大小、颜色均与正常对照组比较接近,未见结石和明显黄色沉淀物,但有部份肾脏在皮、髓质交界处有点状或片状出血灶。输尿管未见结石。部分膀胱粘膜充血,部分雄性大鼠出现膀胱结石,其中给药20 d各组雄性大鼠出现率为52%(13/25),30 d各组出现率为56%(14/25),膀胱结石颜色多为淡黄色混合白色、白色。结论(0.05~0.4)g/kg三聚氰胺连续给药30 d,对肾脏损害轻微,可诱发雄性大鼠产生膀胱结石。 Objective To observe the modeling of urinary calculus induced by continuous administration of melamine in industrial raw materials. Methods A total of 130 SPF SD rats aged 60 days were randomly divided into 5 groups (n = 20) and 20 control groups (n = 10). Administration group were given melamine 0.05,0.1,0.2,0.3,0.4 g / (kg.d) continuous gavage; vehicle control group gavage 10 g / L methylcellulose distilled water 2 mL / (only .d), blank The control group was given 2 mL sterile water (only .d). The morphological changes of kidney, ureter and bladder in rats were observed by stereomicroscope. The contents of creatinine, BUN, UA, Ca, P, Mg in kidney and bladder of each group were compared. Results 0.4 g / kg group for 20 d, 0.2, 0.4 g / kg group for 30 d, creatinine higher than the blank control group; 0.4 g / kg group for 30 d, urea nitrogen, uric acid higher than the blank control group. After administration for 20 days, the levels of serum calcium, phosphorus and magnesium in all groups were low. Administration of 30 d, 0.05,0.2,0.3,0.4 g / kg group of left kidney mass increased compared with the blank control group. The size and color of the kidneys in each group were similar to those in the normal control group. No stones and obvious yellow sediment were observed. However, some of the kidneys had punctate or patchy hemorrhagic lesions at the junction of skin and medulla. Ureteral calculi. Some of the bladder mucosa were hyperemic and some of the male rats had bladder stones. The incidence of male rats in each group was 52% (13/25) on day 20 and 56% (14/25) on each 30th day. The bladder Most of the stone color is light yellow mixed white, white. Conclusions (0.05 ~ 0.4) g / kg melamine administered continuously for 30 days has slight damage to the kidneys and can induce bladder stones in male rats.