“哲学家成为我们这些国家的国王,或者我们目前称之为国王和统治者的那些人物,能严肃认真的追求智慧,使政治权力与聪明才智合二为一”[1]。柏拉图在《理想国》中提出了“哲学王”的概念,由哲学家执掌政权,管理城邦,是柏拉图试图挽救城邦危机的根本措施。一、提出背景柏拉图出生于雅典的贵族家庭,亲眼见证了雅典在伯罗奔尼撒战争中惨败,城邦制度走向衰败的过程。柏拉图醉心于哲学,厌恶“三十僭主”统治时期的内讧与暴政,在苏格拉底被所谓的民主政体指控致死以 “Philosophers who became the kings of our countries or those we now call kings and rulers can seriously pursue wisdom and combine political power with ingenuity and intelligence.” Plato put forward the concept of “philosophical king ” in “Republic of China ”. Taking philosophers as power and managing the city-state is the fundamental measure of Plato attempting to save the city-state crisis. I. Background Plato was born in Athens, the aristocratic family, witnessed the Athens defeat in the Peloponnese, the process of declining state system. Plato, obsessed with philosophy, abhorred the infighting and tyranny of the “Thirty Pharisees” and accused the so-called democracies in Socrates of letting death