迁徙权是公民的基本权利和自由,是一个国家政治文明的重要表征。但迁徙权能否实现不仅取决于法律规定,也取决于经济发展战略和发展方式。新中国成立之初,农民迁徙权得到明确但短暂的法律确认和切实的制度保障,但同时,中国确立并实施了重工业优先发展战略,这为中国重工业的发展奠定了坚实基础,也导致了农民迁徙权受限,再加上中苏关系逐步恶化乃至决裂的影响,使得农民迁徙权经历了从短暂实现到逐步受限并最终在事实上完全失去的曲折过程。直至改革开放后,农民迁徙权才逐步得以恢复。 Migration rights are the basic rights and freedoms of citizens and are an important symbol of a country’s political civilization. However, the realization of the right of migration depends not only on the law, but also on the economic development strategy and mode of development. However, at the same time, China has established and implemented the priority industrial development strategy for heavy industry, which has laid a solid foundation for the development of China’s heavy industry and also led to the peasants’ The limited right to migrate and the gradual deterioration of Sino-Soviet relations and even the breakup of the relations have caused the tortuous rights of peasants to go through a twists and turns from the short-term realization to the gradually restricted and eventually virtually lost in fact. Until the reform and opening up, farmers’ migratory rights have been gradually restored.