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在云南省曲靖地区的低肥力和中高肥力试验地分别开展旱作马铃薯的田间小区试验,研究磷钾施用量对马铃薯生物量、养分利用、产量和经济效益的影响。结果表明:相同施肥量的条件下,中高肥力试验地的东山组马铃薯产量远高于低肥力的越州组,产量相差10 305.00~20 140.20 kg·hm-2;越州组NP2K3(N,150 kg·hm-2;P2O5,90 kg·hm-2;K2O,405 kg·hm-2)处理产量产值最高,NP2K1(N,150 kg·hm-2;P2O5,90 kg·hm-2;K2O,135 kg·hm-2)处理净收益最高;东山组NP2K2(N,150 kg·hm-2;P2O5,90 kg·hm-2;K2O,270 kg·hm-2)处理产量、产值及净收益均是最高;两组试验的马铃薯干重变化趋势相似,NP2K2处理的干重积累量较多,无钾无磷处理干重积累少;马铃薯体内累积K最多,其次为N,最后为P,NPK养分吸收积累的高峰期在马铃薯块茎膨大期到淀粉积累期;东山组的马铃薯PK利用效率明显高于越州组。NP1K2(N,150 kg·hm-2;P2O5,45 kg·hm-2;K2O,270 kg·hm-2)处理的P肥利用率和P素农学效率较高,P肥利用率和P素农学效率都有随施P量增加而降低的趋势。NP2K1处理的K肥利用率和K素农学效率最高,K肥利用率和K素农学效率均有随施K量增加而降低的趋势。
Potato field trials were conducted in low-fertility and middle-high fertility areas in Qujing, Yunnan Province to study the effects of P and K application rates on potato biomass, nutrient utilization, yield and economic benefits. The results showed that the yield of potato in Dongshan group was higher than that of low-fertility Yuezhou group at the same fertilization rate, with a difference of 10 305.00-20 203.20 kg · hm-2. The NP2K3 (N, 150 kg · hm-2; P2O5, 90 kg · hm-2; K2O, 405 kg · hm-2) , 135 kg · hm-2), and Dongshan NP2K2 (N, 150 kg · hm-2; P2O5, 90 kg · hm-2; K2O, 270 kg · hm-2) The highest dry weight of potatoes was observed in the two groups. The dry weight of potatoes in two groups showed similar trend. The accumulation of dry weight in NP2K2 treatment was more than that in non-potassium and phosphorus-free treatments. The accumulation of K in potato was the highest, followed by N, NPK nutrient accumulation peaked during potato tuber expansion to starch accumulation period; Dongshan group’s potato PK utilization efficiency was significantly higher than that of the Yuezhou group. P fertilizer use efficiency and P element agronomic efficiency of NP1K2 (N, 150 kg · hm-2; P2O5, 45 kg · hm-2; K2O, 270 kg · hm-2) The agronomic efficiency all decreased with the increase of P application rate. NP2K1 had the highest K fertilizer use efficiency and K element agronomic efficiency, K fertilizer use efficiency and K element agronomic efficiency decreased with the increase of K application rate.