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国有企业走出困境,有赖于技术创新和要素流动。与此相适应的企业机制,靠“放权+刺激”是建立不起来的。较好的选择是对竞争性国有企业实行公司化改组,即将其分别改组为有限责任公司和股份有限公司。以此作为企业改革乃至整个经济体制改革的“主体工程”。这一根本性改革的必要性虽很大,但受多种条件限制。近期实现的可能性较小,只好选择一种并不理想的有限战略,即:“两极快步推进,中间稳步渐进”。在一极,积极培育具有综合功能的非垄断的大型企业集团;在另一极,继续促进以乡镇企业、“三资”企业为主的非公有制经济健康成长;大多数国有企业坚持和改进承包经营责任制。本文对企业改革两种战略选择的目标、条件和具体做法,较系统地作了阐述。
State-owned enterprises out of the predicament rely on technological innovation and factor flow. The enterprise mechanism that adapts to this cannot be established by relying on “decentralization + stimulation”. The better choice is to implement the corporate restructuring of competitive state-owned enterprises, that is, to reorganize them into limited-liability companies and joint-stock companies. As a “main project” of enterprise reform and even the entire economic system reform. Although this fundamental reform is of great necessity, it is subject to various conditions. The possibility of its implementation in the near future is relatively small. We have no choice but to choose a limited strategy that is not ideal, that is, “two poles move forward quickly, and the middle one is moving steadily and gradually.” At one pole, actively cultivate non-monopoly large-scale enterprise groups with comprehensive functions; at the other pole, continue to promote the healthy growth of non-public economy with township enterprises and “funded enterprises” as the mainstay; most state-owned enterprises insist on and improve contracting. Business responsibility system. This article systematically elaborates on the objectives, conditions and specific practices of the two strategic choices for enterprise reform.