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三 色 堇(violatricolor)别名蝴蝶花,猫儿脸。堇菜科、堇菜属多年生草本植物,每花常有三种颜色,因而得名,常作一、二年生栽培,染色体2n=2x=26,2n=4x=52。1 形态特征 株高13～25cm,全株光滑,分枝较多,叶互生,具柄,基生叶较茎生叶圆,有钝锯齿,托叶大,自6～8枚真叶开始分化,花两侧对称,花径4～12cm,侧向,花有红、黄、白、蓝、紫、黑等多种颜色。花瓣5,近圆形,不整齐,瓣具短而钝的距,花期5～8月,果期6～7月,蒴果椭圆形,三裂,种子倒卵形,千粒重1.1～1.4g。
Viola tricolor (violatricolor) alias pansies, cats face. Violaceae, Viola perennial herb, flowers often have three colors, hence the name, often for one or two years of cultivation, chromosome 2n = 2x = 26,2n = 4x = 52.1 Morphological characteristics Plant height 13 ~ 25cm, The whole plant is smooth, more branches, leaves alternate, with a handle, basal leaves than cauline leaves, with a crenellated serrated, stipules large, since 6 ~ 8 true leaves began to differentiate, symmetrical flowers on both sides, flower diameter 4 ~ 12cm, lateral, flowers have red, yellow, white, blue, purple, black and other colors. Petals 5, suborbicular, irregular, petals short and blunt, flowering from May to August, fruit from June to July, capsule oval, three-cracked, seeds obovate, grain weight 1.1 ~ 1.4g.