近代普鲁士官员的选拔和培训制度产生于 18世纪 ,发展于 19世纪。从最早的见习生制度到层层考试制度的引入和完善 ,这套制度顺应着历史发展的客观要求。由考试来选拔官员 ,体现了普鲁士国家对知识和教育的尊重。考试内容是依据国家政策的需要来调整的 ,最初是财政学 ,后来是法律学 ,反映了普鲁士近代法治国家的发展和政府行政手段的变化。官员的选拔制度在很大程度上打通了社会流通渠道 ,体现了资本主义社会公正和自由竞争的原则 ,也促成了官僚独立地位的增强。但另一方面 ,该制度中的某些保守因素 ,比如社会、政治和经济标准等 ,在选拔官员时也继续发挥着作用 The system of selection and training of Prussian officials in modern times emerged in the 18th century and developed in the 19th century. From the earliest intern system to the introduction and improvement of the layers of examination system, this system complied with the objective requirements of historical development. Officials selected by exams reflect the Prussian state’s respect for knowledge and education. The contents of the examination were adjusted according to the needs of the national policy. The first was finance and later the law. It reflected the development of Prussian modern rule of law and the change of government administration. The selection system of officials has largely opened up channels of social circulation, embodies the principle of just and free competition in capitalist society and has also contributed to the enhancement of bureaucratic independence. On the other hand, some of the conservative elements of the system, such as social, political and economic standards, continue to play a role in the selection of officials