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背景:每年都有大学新生由于不适应新生活而采取极端行为的案例报道,新生的心理健康关系到其对大学生活的适应,也关系到大学校园的稳定、和谐。目的:调查大学新生在入学初期的心理健康水平,筛选出有严重心理问题的学生。设计:横断面调查。单位:浙江省绍兴文理学院教育系。对象:于2003-11选择绍兴文理学院2003级新生4417名为观察对象。方法:采用症状自评量表、焦虑自评量表和抑郁自评量表调查大学生的心理卫生状况,症状自评量表含躯体化、强迫、人际关系敏感、抑郁、焦虑、敌对、恐怖、偏执、精神病性9个因子,进行5级评定:1没有、2较轻、3中等、4较重、5严重,得分越高,表明心理健康水平越低。判定大学生是否有心理卫生问题。焦虑自评量表采用4级记分制,主要记录评定项目所定义的症状出现的频次,标准分以50分为临界点,得分越高表明焦虑状态越严重。抑郁自评量表主要的统计指标是抑郁严重度指数,指数范围是0.25～1.00。评分指数在0.50以下者为无抑郁;0.50～0.59为轻度抑郁;0.60～0.69的为中度抑郁;0.70以上的为重度抑郁。于新生进校3个月后进行集体测试。主要观察指标:症状自评量表、焦虑自评量表和抑郁自评量表的得分情况。结果:共发放问卷4417份,回收4387份,有效率99.32%。①大学新生在强迫、恐怖、精神病性3个因子上的得分超过常模(t=2.88～4.82,P<0.01)。共检出一般心理问题的学生333名,占7.59%;严重心理问题的学生49名,占1.12%。②男女生在症状自评量表各因子上的得分呈现显著的性别差异(总均分t=5.56,P<0.01)。③症状自评量表抑郁因子和焦虑因子得分分别与抑郁自评量表和焦虑自评量表标准分呈显著相关,相关系数分别为0.532和0.361。结论:①大学新生心理健康状况欠佳。②女生较男生有较多的心理问题。③症状自评量表抑郁因子和焦虑因子得分分别与抑郁自评量表和焦虑自评量表标准分相互印证。
Background: Every year, college freshmen are reported as cases of extreme behavior because they do not adapt to new life. The mental health of freshmen is related to their adaptation to university life and the stability and harmony of university campus. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the mental health of freshmen at the initial stage of enrollment and to screen out students with serious psychological problems. Design: Cross-sectional survey. Unit: Zhejiang Shaoxing College of Arts and Sciences. PARTICIPANTS: In 2003-11, 4417 freshmen of grade 2003 from Shaoxing University of Arts and Sciences were selected as observers. Methods: The self-rating anxiety scale, anxiety self-rating scale and depression self-rating scale were used to investigate the status of undergraduates’ mental health. Self-rating Symptom Scale included somatization, compulsion, interpersonal sensitivity, depression, anxiety, hostility, Paranoid, psychotic 9 factors, a 5-level assessment: 1 no, 2 light, 3 medium, 4 heavier, 5 serious, the higher the score, indicating that the lower the level of mental health. Determine whether college students have mental health problems. The self-rating anxiety scale uses a 4-point score system, which mainly records the frequency of appearance of symptoms as defined by the project. The standard score is divided by 50 points as the critical point. A higher score indicates that the more severe the anxiety condition is. The main statistical indicator of depression self-rating scale is the severity index of depression, the index range is 0.25 ~ 1.00. Scores below 0.50 were depressed; 0.50 to 0.59 for mild depression; 0.60 to 0.69 for moderate depression; and 0.70 for severe depression. After the new students into the school three months after the collective test. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Self-rating Symptom Inventory, Self-rating Anxiety Scale and Self-rating Depression Scale score. Results: A total of 4417 questionnaires were distributed and 4387 were recycled with an effective rate of 99.32%. (1) Freshmen score more than the norm in compulsion, fear and psychosis (t = 2.88-4.82, P <0.01). A total of 333 students were found to have general psychological problems, accounting for 7.59%; 49 students were suffering from serious psychological problems, accounting for 1.12%. (2) There was a significant gender difference in the scores of boys and girls on the Symptom Checklist 90 (t = 5.56, P <0.01). ③ Self-rating Symptom Scale The scores of depression and anxiety factors were significantly correlated with the scale of self-rating depression and self-rating anxiety scale, respectively. The correlation coefficients were 0.532 and 0.361 respectively. Conclusion: ① freshmen’s mental health is not good. ② girls have more psychological problems than boys. ③ Self-rating Symptom Scale The scores of depression and anxiety factors were separately confirmed with the self-rating depression scale and anxiety scale.