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技术性贸易壁垒具有双重性质,提供基于市场失灵的保护和基于经济利益的保护。不同性质的技术性贸易壁垒经济效应有所不同,并将导致不同的政策取向,因而其性质区分是很重要的。规制技术性贸易壁垒的TBT和SPS协议为识别可疑壁垒提供了一些基本准则。本文从政策目标和政策结果两个层面剖析技术性贸易壁垒的双重性质及其甄别机制,并在此基础上提出技术性贸易壁垒自由化的现实路径。
Technical barriers to trade have a dual nature, providing protection based on market failures and protection based on economic interests. The economic effects of TBTs of different nature are different and will lead to different policy orientations. Therefore, the distinction of their nature is very important. The TBT and SPS agreements that regulate TBT provide some basic guidelines for identifying suspicious barriers. This article analyzes the dual nature of technical barriers to trade and its screening mechanism from the two aspects of policy objectives and policy results. On this basis, it puts forward the realistic path of liberalization of technical barriers to trade.