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目的探讨北京城市社区老年人跌倒的发生情况及主要危险因素和保护因素,为老年人跌倒的预防提供科学依据。方法采用分层整群抽样的方法抽取北京市崇文区龙潭街道办事处所辖社区的60岁及以上的老年人,以面对面询问方式进行人户调查,对可能与跌倒有关的9大类共90个变量分别进行单因素和多因素logistic回归分析跌倒的危险因素和保护因素。结果跌倒发生率为18．0％,经单因素分析表明痴呆(OR=5．34)、抑郁症(OR=4．61)、大小便失禁(OR=3.84)、生理失能(OR=3．17)、害怕跌倒(OR=3．09)等40个变量的分布,经X2检验后差异有统计学意义。多因素logistic回归分析表明跌倒的危险因素有痴呆(OR=4．89)、抑郁症(OR=4．18)、降压药(OR= 2．91)、青光眼(OR=2．77)、高血压(OR=2．27)、害怕跌倒(OR=2．12)、体位性低血压(OR= 2．11)、服多种药物(OR=1．77)等。经常打太极拳(OR=0．60)、做保健操(OR=0．68)是跌倒的保护因素。结论北京市城市社区老年人跌倒发生率高,老年人跌倒是内因和外因共同作用的结果,可以采取针对危险因素的综合性措施预防老年人跌倒。
Objective To investigate the incidence of falls and the main risk factors and protection factors of elderly people in urban communities in Beijing and provide a scientific basis for the prevention of falls in the elderly. Methods A stratified cluster sampling method was used to collect the elderly aged 60 and over in the community under the control of Longtan Subdistrict Office, Chongwen District, Beijing, to conduct household surveys with face-to-face interrogation. The total number of nine categories Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the risk factors and protective factors of falls. Results The incidence of falls was 18.0%. Univariate analysis showed that dementia (OR = 5.34), depression (OR = 4.61), incontinence (OR = 3.84) .17), fear of falling (OR = 3.09) and other 40 variables, the difference was statistically significant after X2 test. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the risk factors for falls were dementia (OR = 4.89), depression (OR = 4.18), antihypertensive drugs (OR = 2.91), glaucoma Hypertension (OR = 2.27), fear of falling (OR = 2.12), orthostatic hypotension (OR = 2.11), multiple medications (OR = 1.77) Regular tai chi (OR = 0.60), doing exercises (OR = 0.68) is a protective factor of falls. Conclusion The incidence of falls among the elderly in Beijing urban communities is high. The fall of the elderly is the result of the internal and external causes. Comprehensive measures against risk factors can be taken to prevent the elderly from falling.