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本文介绍了直肠癌淋巴转移规律的研究结果，主张以此规律进行扩大根治手术，并指出了该手术的操作要点及并发症等。结果表明，扩大根治术的五年及十年生存率分别为６８％及４７％，与一般根治术相比，差异具有显著意义。由于扩大根治术充分进行了游离及解剖输尿管、血管，因此没有因手术范围的扩大而增加出血量及输尿管的损伤。但手术范围的扩大造成了术后由于植物神经损伤所至的排尿及性功能障碍的增加，为了减少这种副作用的发生，开展了保存植物神经的扩大根治术，即保证了生存率，又改善了术后生存质量。
This article introduced the results of the study of the lymphatic metastasis of rectal cancer, advocated the expansion of radical surgery, and pointed out the operation points and complications of the operation. The results showed that the five-year and ten-year survival rates of extended radical mastectomy were 68% and 47%, respectively, and the difference was significant compared with general radical mastectomy. As the radical mastectomy was performed to free and dissect the ureters and blood vessels, there was no increase in blood loss and ureteral injury due to the expansion of the surgical range. However, because of the increase in the range of surgery, the increase in urination and sexual dysfunction resulting from autonomic nerve injury after surgery has increased. In order to reduce the occurrence of such side effects, an extensive radical surgery for the preservation of autonomic nerves has been carried out, which ensures survival and improves Postoperative quality of life.