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一、前言美国初期的统治阶级一向将‘歐洲的混亂就是美洲的良机’视为‘至理明言’,因此以避免捲入歐洲政治為美陶建国时期的上策。華盛頓總統退休時所發表的‘臨別赠言’中曾指出:‘歐洲各国的利益與美国的关系是很少的。任何由於條約的束缚致使美国陷入歐洲政治冲突的漩渦都是不智的舉动。’(註一)第二任總統約翰,亚當斯也主張:‘除了商约以外,我们(指美國)不应與歐洲列强締結任何同盟條約,我們应使我們自己長期的與歐洲的政治和戰爭隔離。……’(註二)華氏的臨別贈言和亚當斯的主張後來就成為美國初期外交的基本原則。在建国最初的几十年间,美国固然是主
I. Introduction The early ruling classes in the United States always regarded ’the chaos in Europe as the golden opportunity of the Americas’ as a ’clear-cut example.’ Therefore, avoiding being involved in European politics is the best policy for establishing the United States during the founding of the People’s Republic. Washington’s President, in his “Parting Message,” was released on the occasion of his retirement: "The interests of European nations are very few in the United States. It is unwise for any United States to fall into the whirlpool of the political conflicts in Europe due to the bondage of the treaty. (Note 1) John Adams, the second president, also asserted: ’We should not conclude any treaty of alliance with the European powers except the treaty of commerce, and we should make our own long-standing relationship with Europe’s political and War isolation. ... (Note 2) Fahrenheit’s parting speech and Adams’s assertion later became the basic principle of early American diplomacy. During the first few decades after the founding of the People’s Republic, the United States was the Lord