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本文依据长期田间实验资料,分析了黄土高原南部裸地及农田水量平衡特征,研究了不同水文年对其影响,得出在平水年年蒸散量与降水量呈平衡状态;在干旱年份年农田蒸散量远大于裸地,说明农田具较高的调节能力,有利于作物生长,干旱年作物影响到农田水量平衡的全过程。干旱年农田水量平衡值为负。台塬区作物(冬小麦)对农田水量平衡的强烈影响为3～5三个月;高原区为4～6三个月;与作物发育相一致。无论平水年还是丰水年,作物对年农田水量平衡值仅在作物旺盛生长时期有较大影响。高原区裸地、农田年蒸散量均高于台塬区,干旱年高原区农田蒸散量与平水年相等,说明高原区更利于作物的生长。
Based on long-term field experiments, the characteristics of water balance in bare land and farmland in the southern loess plateau were analyzed. The effects of different hydrological years on the balance of evapotranspiration and precipitation in the flat water year were analyzed. The quantity is much larger than bare land, which shows that farmland has higher regulation ability, which is good for crop growth and the whole process of farmland water balance affected by arid year crops. Drought farmland water balance value is negative. The strong impact of cropland (winter wheat) on farmland water balance is 3-5 months for plateau area and 4-6 months for plateau area, which is consistent with crop development. Regardless of the flat-water year or the wet-year, the crop water balance value of farmland has a great influence on the growth of crops. Plateau area bare land, farmland evapotranspiration were higher than the Taiwan plateau area, dryland plateau area farmland evapotranspiration and flat water year equal, indicating that plateau area is more conducive to crop growth.