一、概念聚合物的改性是合成高分子化合物的途径之一。同加聚与缩聚方法一样,聚合物的改性很早以来就已经用来制备聚合物。如果加聚和缩聚反应是由单体变成聚合物的过程,那么,第三条途径——聚合物的改性——就是由一些聚合物变为另一些聚合物的过程。(如图1) 因而,聚合物的化学改性是由一种聚合物经过物理的或化学的作用变为另一种化学结构的新型聚合物的过程。首先,实现聚合物改性反应的是法国学者H. Braconnot,他于1833年通过硝酸与纤维素的作用得到了硝化纤维素。然后,在一系列的天然聚合物中实现了类似的反 First, the concept of polymer modification is one of the ways to synthesize polymer compounds. Like polyaddition and polycondensation methods, polymer modification has long been used to prepare polymers. If polyaddition and polycondensation reactions are made from monomers to polymers, the third approach - polymer modification - is the process of changing from some polymers to another. (Figure 1) Thus, the chemical modification of a polymer is a process by which a polymer undergoes a physical or chemical action into a new polymer of another chemical structure. First, H. Braconnot, a French scholar who realized the polymer modification reaction, obtained nitrocellulose by the action of nitric acid and cellulose in 1833. A similar reaction is then achieved in a series of natural polymers