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植物类病变突变体是一类在没有病原物侵染情况下就能自发产生坏死斑的突变体,这类突变往往导致植株的抗病增强和防御相关基因的组成性表达。水稻中已报道了将近200个来源不同的类病变突变体,截至2009年5月底52个水稻类病变突变体已被鉴定和命名,其中6个控制类病变性状的基因被克隆,它们分别编码不同的蛋白,包括热激蛋白转录因子、E3泛素连接酶、酰基转移酶、质膜蛋白激酶、锌指蛋白和锚蛋白。尽管这些蛋白不是直接与植物抗病途径相关,但是在41个已鉴定的水稻类病变突变体中,绝大多数提高了对白叶枯病或稻瘟病的抗性,表明这些类病变基因的突变激活了植株的防御系统,并且不同的类病变基因可能参与了不同的抗病信号传导途径。深入研究水稻类病变突变体对作物抗病的分子机理研究和栽培品种的遗传改良都具有重要的意义。
Phylogenetic mutants are a group of mutants that spontaneously produce necrotic lesions without the presence of pathogen infestations. Such mutations often result in increased plant resistance and constitutive expression of defense-related genes. Nearly 200 pathogenic mutant strains of similar origin have been reported in rice. As of the end of May 2009, 52 rice mutant strains have been identified and named. Among them, 6 genes controlling lesion traits were cloned and they were coded differently Including heat shock protein transcription factor, E3 ubiquitin ligase, acyltransferase, plasma membrane protein kinase, zinc finger protein and ankyrin. Although these proteins are not directly related to the pathogenicity of the plant, most of the 41 identified mutant rice diseases have increased resistance to bacterial leaf blight or blast, indicating that mutations in these lesion-like genes are activated The plant defense system, and different kinds of disease-like genes may be involved in different resistance signaling pathways. It is of great significance to study in depth the molecular mechanism of disease resistance in rice and the genetic improvement of cultivated varieties.