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编者按 :自 1 8世纪起 ,痔就被认为是肛管粘膜下的曲张静脉 ,并提出了各种各样的解释。到了 2 0世纪70年代 ,人们对痔有了新的认识 ,多数学者已经认可了“肛垫学说”。肛垫是直肠肛门正常解剖的一部分 ,普遍存在于所有年龄、性别及各种族 ,不能被看作是一种病 ,只有当合并出血、疼痛、脱出、甚至嵌顿等症状时 ,才能称为“痔”,或称为“症状性痔”、“痔病”。中华医学会外科学分会肛肠外科学组于 2 0 0 0年 4月在四川成都召开的痔诊治标准研讨会上 ,对痔作出了明确定义 ,即 :痔是肛垫病理性肥大、移位及肛周皮下血管丛流淤形成的局部团块。目前 ,肛肠界对“痔”的称谓尚未统一 ,对于沿用多年的对“痔病”的称谓所引起的一些争论并不影响人们对痔的本质的认识。痔病与肛垫的概念不能混淆 ,一定要分清。
Editor’s Note: Since the 18th century, hemorrhoids have been described as submucosal varicose veins of the anal canal and have been presented with a variety of explanations. By the 1970s, people had a new understanding of hemorrhoids, most scholars have recognized the “anal cushion theory.” Anal cushions are part of the normal anatomy of the rectum anus and are common to all ages, genders and races. They can not be considered as a disease and can only be described as “bleeding, pain, prolapse, or even incarceration” Hemorrhoids “, or as” symptomatic hemorrhoids “,” hemorrhoids. “ Chinese Medical Association Branch of Surgery anorectal surgery group in April 2000 in Chengdu, Sichuan hemorrhoids diagnosis and treatment standards seminar on the hemorrhoids made a clear definition, namely: hemorrhoid is the anal cushion pathological hypertrophy, displacement and Perianal subcutaneous vascular plexus formation of local clumps of local clumps. At present, the anorectal world has not unified the designation of ”hemorrhoids“, and some debates over many years of use of ”hemorrhoids" do not affect people’s understanding of the nature of hemorrhoids. Hemorrhoid and anal cushion concept can not be confused, we must distinguish.