深化国防科研机构的改革仍然是我国十一五期间的一项重要的战略任务。作者通过调查发现,在当前我国国有航空科研机构的改革中,“一所两制”作为改革的成果,既具有积极的作用,但也存在不少问题和矛盾。本文建议,我国国有航空科研机构须进一步深化改革,并把对国有科研机构的科学分类作为改革的政策基点,把?一所两制?作为改革的一种过渡形式,同时要为其改革创造一系列良好的政策环境。 Deepening the reform of national defense scientific research institutions is still an important strategic task during the 11th Five-Year Plan. Through the survey, the author found that in the current reform of state-owned aviation research institutes in our country, “one country, two systems” has both an active role and a great deal of problems and contradictions as a result of the reform. This paper suggests that the state-owned aviation research institutes in our country should further deepen the reform and regard the scientific classification of state-owned scientific research institutes as the policy starting point for the reform. We should regard “one country, two systems” as a kind of transitional form of reform and at the same time create a Series of good policy environment.