从1957年赫鲁晓夫发动“工业建筑业管理改组”到1987年戈尔巴乔夫推行企业的“三自一全”,苏联的经济改革历时30余载,其间提出过不少改革方案,但无不以失败而告终。这失败主要表现为两个方面:一是改革长期推不动,陈腐的经济体制始终难以破除,国民经济发展中的种种矛盾越积越深,乃致激化,酿成严重的经济危机;二是为反社会主义势力提供 From Khrushchov’s “restructuring of industrial construction management” in 1957 to “three in one full” in Gorbachev’s implementation of the enterprise in 1987, the Soviet Union’s economic reform lasted more than 30 years and many reform proposals were put forward during that period. But all ended in failure. The failure is mainly manifested in two aspects. First, the long-term reform can not be carried forward. The stale economic system has always been hard to dismantle. The deepening contradictions in the development of the national economy have intensified and led to a serious economic crisis. Second, Anti-socialist forces provide