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目的:预测陕西省山茱萸最适宜种植区,实现山茱萸的种植区划。方法:利用28份山茱萸实地调查及标本点的地理信息,应用最大熵模型(Max Ent)加载分别在世界气象数据库、土壤数据库下载的27个气候变量和6个环境变量,采用GIS预测陕西省境内山茱萸气候适宜性分布概况。结果:Max Ent运行AUC值高达0.98,表明模型具有很高的可信度。结果发现,山茱萸最适宜分布于3月最低气温在-3.0~9.8℃,年平均气温在6.7~17.6℃,3月平均降水量在7~185 mm,年平均降水量在558~1 817 mm,海拔为98~1 620 m左右的地区。依据上述适宜分布结果和气候类型,可将陕西省山茱萸最适宜分布区(总最适宜面积4.5万km~2)划分为4个种植亚区,分别为Ⅰ-1秦岭北坡山地湿润气候种植区(0.59万km~2),Ⅰ-2商洛丹江河谷盆地半湿润气候种植区(1.17万km~2),Ⅱ-1汉中-安康汉江河谷盆地湿润气候区(1.51万km2),Ⅱ-2米仓山-大巴山地湿润气候种植区(0.84万km2)。建议在Ⅱ-1、Ⅰ-2和Ⅰ-1中原有山茱萸种植集中区,通过合理规划和建立山茱萸规范化种植基地,推广高产、优质和抗病性强的优良品种,并研发机械采摘工具降低人工成本等,从而推进实施中药现代化的进程。
Objective: To forecast the most suitable planting area of Cornus officinalis in Shaanxi province and realize the planting division of Cornus officinalis. Methods: Based on the field survey of 28 corns and the geographical information of the sample spots, 27 climate variables and 6 environmental variables downloaded from the world meteorological database and soil database were respectively loaded with Max Ent. Climate Suitability Distribution of Cornus officinalis. Results: Max Ent running AUC value up to 0.98, indicating that the model has a high degree of credibility. The results showed that the most suitable distribution of the dogwood in March is -3.0 ~ 9.8 ℃, the average annual temperature is 6.7 ~ 17.6 ℃, the average precipitation in March is 7 ~ 185 mm, the average annual precipitation is in the range of 558 ~ 1817 mm, The area is about 98 ~ 1 620 m above sea level. Based on the above results and climatic types, the most suitable distribution area of Cornus officinalis in Shaanxi Province (the total optimum area of 45,000 km ~ 2) can be divided into four sub-areas, namely Ⅰ-1 humid mountainous area (0.59 km2 ~ 2), Ⅰ-2 Shangluoganjiang Valley basin sub-humid climate (11,700 km ~ 2), Ⅱ-1 Hanzhong-Ankang Hanjiang River Basin wet climate zone (15,100 km2), Ⅱ-2 Micangshan - Dabashan humid climate planting area (0.84 million km2). It is suggested that the original planting area of Cornus officinalis in Ⅱ-1, Ⅰ-2 and Ⅰ-1 should be popularized. By reasonably planning and establishing the standardized planting base of Cornus officinalis, the fine varieties with high yield, good quality and disease resistance should be popularized and the mechanical picking tools should be developed to reduce artificial Cost, etc., so as to promote the implementation of traditional Chinese medicine modernization process.