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目的利用分子生物学方法聚合酶链反应技术（ＰＣＲ）和Ｓｏｕｔｈｅｒｎ印迹杂交（ＳＢＨ）为隐性鼻咽癌和原发灶不明的颈部转移癌提供诊断和鉴别诊断的参考依据。材料与方法利用ＰＣＲ基因扩增技术和Ｓｏｕｔｈｅｒｎ印迹杂交检测经针吸活检取材或活检取材的２０例鼻咽癌（ＮａｓｏｐｈａｒｙｎｇｅａｌＣａｒｃｉｎｏｍａ，ＮＰＣ）（实验组）３３份标本和２６例非鼻咽癌（对照组）２７份标本中ＥＢ病毒（Ｅｐｓｔｅｉｎ－Ｂａｒｒｖｉｒｕｓ，ＥＢＶ）。结果在ＮＰＣ组中ＥＢＶ基因检测，１７／２０例是阳性，１８份针吸活检取材标本中１３／１８呈阳性；对照组中仅３／２０例ＥＢＶ检测呈阳性，其中２例为霍奇金病，１例鼻咽腺样增殖体。结论ＥＢ病毒基因检测结果再次显示本研究能准确地为隐性鼻咽癌提供诊断和鉴别诊断的参考依据，而且针吸活检取材较石腊切片取材更省时，痛苦小而经济。应强调的是分析ＥＢＶ检测结果应与病理，临床检查相结合
OBJECTIVE: To provide the basis for the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of metastatic carcinoma of the neck of latent nasopharyngeal carcinoma and unclear primary tumor using molecular biology methods polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Southern blot hybridization (SBH). MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty specimens of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma (NPC) (experimental group) and 26 cases of non-nasopharyngeal carcinoma (control group) were detected by PCR amplification technique and Southern blot hybridization. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) was detected in 27 specimens. Results In the NPC group, EBV gene detection was positive in 17/20 cases, positive in 13/18 of the 18 needle biopsy samples, and only 3/20 cases of EBV in the control group were positive, including 2 cases of Hodgkin. Disease, 1 case of nasopharyngeal adenoids. Conclusion Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) gene test results again show that this study can provide accurate reference for the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of latent nasopharyngeal carcinoma, and the needle biopsy material is more time-saving, less painful and economical than the paraffin slice material. It should be emphasized that the analysis of EBV test results should be combined with pathology and clinical examination.