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[目的]了解上海市闸北区尘肺发病情况,为制定尘肺病防治策略提供依据。[方法]回顾性分析闸北区1956—2011年已诊断的尘肺病例发病资料。[结果]1956年以来全区共发生各类尘肺病418例,主要为Ⅰ期,合并结核率为13.40%。男性为主(92.58%),平均年龄52.26岁,专业工龄21.05年。病种以矽肺为主(60.00%),其次为铸工尘肺(25.84%)。开始接尘年代不同,发生的尘肺种类有所变化,20世纪80年代前接尘发生的尘肺种类主要是矽肺、铸工尘肺,20世纪80年代后主要为电焊工尘肺和矽肺。2000年后出现较多的电焊工尘肺,并超过矽肺位居首位。不同年代尘肺发病年龄、专业工龄差别明显,不同类型尘肺的发病年龄、专业工龄亦不尽相同。[结论]应加强粉尘作业的防护,提高作业人员的防护意识,降低尘肺发病率。
[Objective] To understand the incidence of pneumoconiosis in Zhabei District of Shanghai and provide evidence for the development of pneumoconiosis prevention and control strategies. [Methods] The data of pneumoconiosis diagnosed in 1956-2011 in Zhabei District were retrospectively analyzed. [Results] 418 cases of various types of pneumoconiosis occurred in the whole district since 1956, mainly for stage Ⅰ, with a combined rate of 13.40%. Male-based (92.58%), with an average age of 52.26 years of age, professional working age 21.05 years. Silicosis was the main cause of illness (60.00%), followed by castor pneumoconiosis (25.84%). At the beginning of dust collection, the types of pneumoconiosis changed. In the 1980s, the types of pneumoconiosis occurred mainly in the silicosis and casting workers’ pneumoconiosis. In the 1980s, the main types of pneumoconiosis were pneumoconiosis and silicosis. After 2000 there are more welders pneumoconiosis, and surpassing silicosis first place. In different years the age of pneumoconiosis, the difference of professional seniority is obvious, the age of onset and professional seniority of different types of pneumoconiosis are also different. [Conclusion] The protection of dust operation should be strengthened, the protection consciousness of workers should be raised, and the incidence of pneumoconiosis should be reduced.