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工程材料即便用于很好表征的环境之中,材料性能的下降仍是一个引人关注的问题。疲劳、腐蚀、辐射损伤、应力腐裂、蠕变和氢脆等问题常常会防碍工程系统的顺利运转。系统停机故障、爆炸、失火、甚至人员丧命往往都与上述故障有关。由于在空间飞行期间会出维修困难和材料严重损伤等情况,因而航天器部件的安全设计指标必须计入空间环境的潜在效应。航天器设计一般要求采用高强度材料制造的能承受高应力的元部件。这些材料极易受到环境的作用。深遂空间的三个特征是高辐射能级、真空和极端温度。众所周知,这些环境特性会影响结构材料和电子材料的工程性质,所以既会影响航天器的长期工作性能,又会影响其短期工作性能。
Engineering Materials Even in well-characterized environments, the degradation of material properties remains a concern. Problems such as fatigue, corrosion, radiation damage, stress cracking, creep and hydrogen embrittlement often prevent engineering systems from functioning smoothly. System downtime, explosion, fire, and even life-threatening are often related to the above-mentioned failure. Due to the difficulties of maintenance and serious material damage during space flight, the safety design of spacecraft components must account for the potential effects of the space environment. Spacecraft designs generally require components that can withstand high stresses made of high-strength materials. These materials are extremely vulnerable to the environment. The three characteristics of deep space are high radiant energy levels, vacuum and extreme temperatures. It is well-known that these environmental properties affect the engineering properties of structural and electronic materials and therefore affect both the long-term performance of the spacecraft and its short-term performance.