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目的：观察国人胎儿喉发育变化及进一步探讨声带肌出现时间和声带固有层分化程度。方法：对３２例国人健康胎儿尸体（１２～４０周）的喉进行形态学观察和测量。结果：胎儿期喉的生长与胎龄密切相关且具有显著性（ｒ≥０．８４，Ｐ＜０．０５）。１２～３０周胎喉匀速生长，未见生长高峰阶段，３０周后生长速度减慢。１２～２８周胎儿喉左右径与前后径之比２∶１，２８～４０周近似１．６∶１，其形态和组织学方面均与新生儿相近。ＨＥ染色光镜下发现２６周胎喉的声带肌以及声带冠状正中位的游离边缘。采用ＰＴＡＨ染色法对喉内肌进行染色，可见１２周甲杓肌已有清晰的胶原纤维及横纹。采用Ｖｏｅｈｏｅｆｆ染色法对声带固有层结缔组织进行染色，可见肌原纤维出现，未见弹力纤维。结论：本实验的研究结果进一步提供了国人胎儿喉发育的形态数据。
OBJECTIVE: To observe the changes of the fetal throat of the Chinese people and to further investigate the appearance time of the vocal cords and the differentiation of the vocal cord intrinsic layer. Methods: Morphological observation and measurement of the throat of 32 healthy Chinese fetuses (12-40 weeks) were performed. Results: The growth of larynx during fetal period was closely related to gestational age and significant (r≥0.84, P<0.05). Twelve to 30 weeks of uniform growth of the fetal throat, no growth peak stage, 30 weeks after the growth rate slows down. The ratio of the left and right larynx to the anteroposterior diameter of the fetus in 12 to 28 weeks was 2:1, and it was approximately 1.6:1 in 28 to 40 weeks. The morphological and histological aspects were similar to those of neonates. HE staining showed that the vocal cord muscles of the fetal throat and the free edge of the median coronal tract of the vocal cords were observed under light microscopy. Using the PTAH staining method to stain the laryngeal muscles, it can be seen that there were clear collagen fibers and transverse stripes in the nail iliac muscles at 12 weeks. The Voehoeff staining method was used to stain the connective tissue of the vocal cord intrinsic layer. The appearance of myofibril showed no elastic fibers. Conclusion: The results of this experiment provide further morphological data on the development of fetal throat in China.