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为研究新老驾驶人在城市道路环境下的视觉特性,以开发型汽车驾驶模拟器为试验平台,选用12名被试人员,用眼动仪对被试人员进行生理指标测试。运用统计学和数据挖掘方法对新老驾驶人的瞳孔面积、注视特性、扫视特性和回视特性进行了分析。结果表明:在城市道路环境下,新驾驶人的瞳孔面积变化剧烈;老驾驶人前瞻性机制和反馈机制表现明显,而新驾驶人只表现出具有反馈机制;新驾驶人对仪表盘、前方车辆的注视次数和注视时间较多,老驾驶人更倾向于对后视镜、标志牌、行人等信息的关注;新驾驶人的回视次数多,而老驾驶人回视次数少。在城市道路环境中新驾驶人与老驾驶人相比,视觉特性不稳定,受道路环境的影响较大。
In order to study the visual characteristics of the new and old drivers in the urban road environment, 12 pilot participants were selected as experimental vehicle driving simulator. The physiological indexes of the participants were tested with eye tracker. Using the methods of statistics and data mining, the pupil area, gaze characteristics, gaze characteristics and back looking features of new and old drivers were analyzed. The results show that under the urban road environment, the pupil area of the new driver changes drastically. The prospective mechanism and feedback mechanism of the old driver are obvious, while the new driver only shows the feedback mechanism. The new driver has a great influence on the dashboard, The number of fixation times and fixation time are more, the older drivers are more concerned with the information of rearview mirrors, signboards and pedestrians; the new drivers have more retropairs and the older drivers have fewer backfills. Compared with the old drivers, the visual characteristics of the new drivers in the urban road environment are not stable and are greatly affected by the road environment.