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目的：观察大鼠正畸牙齿移动中牙槽骨的细胞凋亡现象以及凋亡相关基因Ｂｃｌ－２和Ｂａｘ的表达，初步探讨细胞凋亡在牙槽骨改建中的作用。方法：选用２５只健康雄性ＳＤ大鼠，用单簧圈别针簧矫治器推上颌切牙侧向移动，于加力后１、３、５、７ｄ系列观察牙槽骨中细胞凋亡及其相关基因Ｂｃｌ－２和Ｂａｘ的表达，以正常组为对照，用免疫组织化学方法和ＴＵＮＥＬ法进行检测。结果：正常牙槽骨组织中存在凋亡细胞，主要见于骨细胞，呈散在性分布，数量较少。牙齿移动时，压力侧牙槽骨改建活跃，凋亡细胞有增多趋势，而张力侧牙槽骨凋亡细胞呈减少趋势。在成骨细胞、破骨细胞、透明性变区未检测到凋亡细胞。Ｂｃｌ－２和Ｂａｘ在正常牙槽骨细胞均有表达，在压力侧Ｂａｘ的表达强于Ｂｃｌ－２，在成骨细胞和破骨细胞Ｂｃｌ－２的表达强于Ｂａｘ。结论：细胞凋亡及其相关基因Ｂｃｌ－２和Ｂａｘ参与了正畸牙齿移动过程中牙槽骨的改建过程。
OBJECTIVE: To observe the apoptosis of alveolar bone and the expressions of Bcl-2 and Bax in alveolar bone during orthodontic tooth movement and to explore the role of apoptosis in alveolar bone remodeling. Methods: Twenty-five healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats were used to perform the lateral maxillary incisor movement with a coil spring appliance. The apoptosis of alveolar bone was observed at 1, 3, 5 and 7 d The expression of Bcl-2 and Bax gene were detected by immunohistochemistry and TUNEL in normal group. Results: There were apoptotic cells in normal alveolar bone tissue, mainly found in osteoblasts, scattered in a small amount. Tooth movement, pressure alveolar bone remodeling active, apoptotic cells have an increasing trend, while tension side alveolar bone apoptosis cells showed a decreasing trend. No apoptotic cells were detected in osteoblasts, osteoclasts, and zona pellucida. The expressions of Bcl-2 and Bax in normal alveolar bone cells were higher than those in Bax and Bcl-2 in Bax and Bcl-2 in osteoblasts and osteoclasts. Conclusion: Apoptosis and its related genes Bcl-2 and Bax are involved in alveolar remodeling during orthodontic tooth movement.