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目的研究吸烟和饮酒对噪声作业工人听力损失的影响。方法选择公交司机作为研究对象,进行作业场所噪声测定,问卷调查收集公交司机的吸烟饮酒等状况及对他们进行健康体检,检查纯音听力。结果共471名男性司机作为研究对象。其中吸烟组241人,不吸烟组230人;饮酒组175人,不饮酒组296人。吸烟组的听力损失发生率43.15%,高于不吸烟组25.43%,2组差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。饮酒组的听力损失发生率48.57%,高于不饮酒组的26.18%,2组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。吸烟和饮酒都是公交司机听力损失单独的影响因素,并且随着烟龄和酒龄的增加,相对危险度逐渐增加。结论在预防噪声作业工人听力损失时,要把改变不良生活习惯和改进工艺、控制噪声结合起来。
Objective To study the effects of smoking and drinking on hearing loss of noise workers. Methods The bus driver was chosen as the research object to measure the noise of work place, to collect the smoking and drinking status of bus drivers by questionnaire survey, to conduct a healthy physical examination and to check pure tone hearing. Results A total of 471 male drivers were included in the study. Among them, 241 were smoker group and 230 were non-smoker group; 175 were drinking group and 296 were not drinking group. The incidence of hearing loss in smoking group was 43.15%, which was higher than that in non-smoking group (25.43%). There was significant difference between two groups (P <0.05). The incidence of hearing loss in drinking group was 48.57%, which was higher than that in non-drinking group (26.18%). There was significant difference between two groups (P <0.05). Both smoking and drinking are the independent influencing factors of hearing loss of bus drivers, and the relative risk increases with the increase of smoking age and age. Conclusion In the prevention of noise workers hearing loss, we must change the bad habits and improve technology, control noise combined.