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孔子生活在君主、士大夫、庶民各阶层等级分明而又逐渐松动的春秋时代。他既有维护等级秩序的思想,又有超越时代局限,主张仁爱、平等的思想。本文考察了孔子伦理思想的四个方面:仁礼统一原则;道德自我主义的表现;仁爱原则;平等思想。仁礼统一实际上把人格培养与等级身份联系在一起;道德自我主义指孔子的伦理思想主要是个人私域的自律;这两方面都体现了孔子伦理思想的时代局限性。仁爱原则和平等思想虽也有其时代特点,但主要体现了孔子思想的超越性,对今天仍有积极意义。
Confucius living in the monarch, doctor, common people at all levels of distinct and gradually loose spring and autumn era. He not only maintains the idea of hierarchical order, but also transcends the limitations of the times and advocates benevolence and equality. This article examines four aspects of Confucian ethics: the principle of benevolence; the manifestation of moral self-doctrine; the principle of benevolence; the idea of equality. In fact, the unity of benevolence forms the connection between personality cultivation and rank identity. Moral self-doctrine refers to the self-discipline of Confucius’s ethics mainly in the personal area. Both of these embody the limitations of Confucian ethics. Although the principles of benevolence and equality have their own characteristics of the times, they mainly embody the transcendence of Confucianism and are still of positive significance to today.