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利用1961~2015年气象观测资料、春玉米生长发育及产量资料和土壤数据,计算了吉林省不同区域的春玉米土地生产潜力,并分析其时空变化特征及主要的气候影响因子。结果表明:吉林省各区域的太阳辐射均呈显著减小趋势(P<0.05),≥10℃有效积温均呈极显著的增加趋势(P<0.01),降水量变化趋势不显著。太阳辐射和≥10℃有效积温呈由西向东逐渐降低趋势,降水量呈由西向东逐渐增加趋势。春玉米土地生产潜力由西向东呈低-高-低的趋势分布。西部和中部区域土地生产潜力呈减小趋势,东部区域土地生产潜力呈上增加趋势,但变化趋势均不显著。西部、中部和东部区域土地生产潜力平均值分别为7544.5、12346.4和11878.0 kg hm~(-2)。土地生产潜力利用率由西向东逐渐降低,西部、中部和东部区域利用率平均值分别为74.2%、61.1%和47.5%。降水量是西部和中部土地生产潜力的主要气候影响因子,≥10℃有效积温是东部土地生产潜力的主要气候影响因子。
Based on the meteorological observation data, spring maize growth and development, yield data and soil data from 1961 to 2015, the potential productivity of spring maize in different regions of Jilin Province was calculated and its temporal and spatial variation characteristics and main climate impact factors were analyzed. The results showed that the solar radiation in all regions of Jilin Province decreased significantly (P <0.05), the effective accumulated temperature (≥10 ℃) showed a significant increase (P <0.01), and the trend of precipitation did not change significantly. Solar radiation and effective accumulated temperature ≥10 ℃ gradually decreased from west to east, and precipitation gradually increased from west to east. Spring maize land potential for production from west to east was low - high - low trend distribution. The potential productivity of land in the western and central regions showed a decreasing trend. The productivity of land in the eastern region showed an upward trend, but the trend of changes was insignificant. The average land productivity of the western, central and eastern regions are 7544.5, 12346.4 and 11878.0 kg hm -2, respectively. The utilization rate of land productivity has gradually decreased from west to east, and the average utilization rates in the western, central and eastern regions were 74.2%, 61.1% and 47.5% respectively. Precipitation is the main climatic factor of land productivity in western and central China. Effective climatic temperature ≥ 10 ℃ is the main climatic factor of land productivity in eastern China.