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原发性高血压眼底病变是一种常见的与血压升高密切相关的眼部体征,分为视网膜血管病变和视网膜血管以外病变。视网膜血管病变包括动脉痉挛、动脉硬化、动静脉交叉处的Salus征、Gunn现象等;视网膜血管外病变包括视网膜水肿混浊、出血、硬性渗出、棉绒状斑,脉络膜Elschnig斑、Segrist条纹及视乳头水肿等。视网膜动脉硬化发生在动脉痉挛持续一段时间之后,见于缓进型高血压第二、三期。视网膜血管以外病变,由动脉的强烈痉挛引起,见于高血压急进型或缓进型病情突然恶化之际。发生视网膜血管以外病变,提示心、肾、脑等全身重要器官已有严重的器质性损害和功能衰竭。特别是视乳头水肿一旦出现,则提示患者生命预后极为严峻。
Primary hypertensive fundus lesions is a common and closely related to elevated blood pressure eye signs, divided into retinal vascular lesions and other retinal vascular lesions. Retinal vascular lesions include arterial spasm, arteriosclerosis, Salus sign at the arteriovenous cross, Gunn phenomenon, and the like; retinal extravascular lesions include retinal edema opacity, hemorrhage, hard exudation, lint-like plaques, choroidal Elschnig plaques, Segrist streaks, Nipple edema and so on. Retinal arteriosclerosis occurs after arterial spasm lasts for a period of time, which is found in the second and third stages of slow-onset hypertension. Outside retinal vascular lesions, caused by the strong spasm of the arteries, seen in the rapid progression of hypertension or slow progression of the occasion. Occurred outside the retinal vascular lesions, suggesting that the heart, kidney, brain and other important organs of the body has a serious organic damage and failure. Especially when papilledema, it suggests that the prognosis of patients with extremely serious life.