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针对制动热应力问题,运用有限元直接耦合法,对车轮热接触工况进行了模拟,采用耦合方程同时求解温度场和位移场,研究了纯机械载荷工况和热接触耦合工况下轮轨应力分布与变化规律,分析了车轮及钢轨表层材料和次表层材料的变形、温度与应力之间的关系。分析结果表明:由于热应力的影响,车轮表面以下0～1 mm的表层区域等效应力最大值增大了18%,且车轮等效应力较大区域由表面以下1～4 mm处的次表层区域变动至车轮表面以下0～3 mm处。
Aiming at the problem of braking thermal stress, the thermal contact condition of the wheel was simulated by using the finite element direct coupling method. The temperature field and the displacement field were solved simultaneously by using the coupled equation. The effects of pure mechanical load condition and thermal contact coupled condition on the wheel Rail stress distribution and variation law, the relationship between deformation and temperature and stress of wheel and rail surface material and subsurface material is analyzed. The results show that due to the influence of thermal stress, the maximum equivalent stress of the surface layer 0 ~ 1 mm below the wheel surface increases by 18% and the equivalent surface stress of the wheel decreases from 1 to 4 mm below the surface Change the area to 0 to 3 mm below the wheel surface.