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目的了解广州地区5岁以下儿童哮喘常见的血清过敏原情况,探讨血清过敏原检测对5岁以下儿童哮喘诊断的临床意义。方法选择广州地区5岁以下哮喘儿童为哮喘组,根据不同年龄段分为哮喘I组(<3岁,146例)、哮喘II组(3～5岁,78例);并选择同期健康体检的正常儿童为正常对照组,根据不同年龄段分为对照I组和对照II组。所有对象通过酶联免疫分析法检测血清TIgE和SIgE。结果哮喘组血清TIgE和SIgE的阳性率均明显高于对照组(P<0.01)。广州地区哮喘组中SIgE的吸入过敏原以螨类、屋尘阳性率最高。食物过敏原以牛奶、全蛋为主。哮喘I组食物类过敏原SIgE≥1级、≥2级的阳性率明显高于哮喘II组(P<0.05);哮喘I组吸入类过敏原SIgE≥1级、≥2级的阳性率明显低于哮喘II组(P<0.01)。结论广州地区0～3岁儿童哮喘以食物类过敏原为主,而随着年龄增长3岁后渐过渡以吸入类过敏原为主。血清过敏原检测对早期评估5岁以下儿童哮喘的发生、发展有重要意义。
Objective To understand the prevalence of serum allergens in children under 5 years of age in Guangzhou and to explore the clinical significance of serum allergen testing in the diagnosis of asthma in children under 5 years old. Methods Asthmatic children under 5 years of age in Guangzhou were selected as asthma group, divided into three groups according to age: group I (<3 years old, 146 cases) and group II (aged 3 to 5 years old, 78 cases) with asthma; Normal children as normal control group, divided into control group I and control group II according to different age groups. All subjects were tested for serum TIgE and SIgE by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results The positive rates of serum TIgE and SIgE in asthma group were significantly higher than those in control group (P <0.01). Guangzhou area asthma group inhaled allergens SIgE to mites, house dust highest positive rate. Food allergens to milk, whole egg-based. The positive rate of SIgE≥1level and≥2level in asthma group I was significantly higher than that in asthma II group (P <0.05). The positive rate of SIgE≥1level and≥2level in asthma group I was significantly lower In asthma group II (P <0.01). Conclusions Asthma in children aged 0-3 years in Guangzhou is mainly food allergen, but as the age increases after 3 years old, the majority of asthma inhabit allergens are inhaled. Serum allergen testing for the early assessment of children under 5 years old the occurrence and development of asthma is of great significance.