建构物理模型是人们研究、认识物质世界的一种重要方法,而物理模型的多样性和复杂性也是物理“难学、难教”重要原因之一。本文通过具体实例阐述两个问题:一是怎样科学理解和学习物理模型,二是怎样应用物理模型解决实际问题。把容易混淆、难以理解、难以记忆的知识变得清晰易懂,从而培养学生的方法意识,促进其知识体系的自我构建,并有效地训练学生发散思维能力及归纳能力。 Building a physical model is an important way for people to study and understand the physical world. The diversity and complexity of a physical model are also one of the important reasons why physics is difficult to learn and hard to teach. This article elaborates two questions through the concrete example: First, how to understand and study the physical model scientifically; second, how to apply the physical model to solve the practical problems. To easily confuse, difficult to understand, difficult to remember the knowledge becomes clear and easy to understand, so as to cultivate students ’awareness of the method, promote the self-construction of their knowledge system, and effectively train students’ divergent thinking ability and inductive ability.