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目的探究儿童营养性缺铁性贫血在本地区的流行病学特征,为本地区的防治工作提供科学依据。方法2015年1-6月在山东省济南市各区县随机选取学龄前儿童共1 246例,采其末梢血液检测贫血有无,并采集相关信息,对临床症状进行统计分析。结果 1 246例儿童中有124例儿童患有营养性缺铁性贫血,贫血率为9.95%;城市儿童的贫血率为6.79%,农村为13.55%,农村儿童贫血率显著高于城市儿童;城市各年龄段的贫血率在男童和女童间均随年龄呈逐年下降趋势,平均男童贫血率为4.75%,远低于女童的8.90%,女童的患病率显著高于男童;农村各年龄段的贫血率在男童和女童间均随年龄呈逐年下降趋势,平均男童贫血率为8.57%,远低于女童的19.40%,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。贫血的表现为易患感冒发生率最高,牙龈红肿最低。结论营养性缺铁性贫血在低龄儿中的发生率更高,男童发病率低于女童,主要的临床表现是易患感冒,可针对此表现对贫血进行防治。
Objective To explore the epidemiological characteristics of nutritional deficiencies of iron deficiency anemia in children in this area and to provide a scientific basis for prevention and control work in this area. Methods From January to June 2015, a total of 1 246 preschoolers were randomly selected from all districts and counties in Jinan City, Shandong Province. Their peripheral blood was collected to detect the presence or absence of anemia. Relevant information was collected to analyze the clinical symptoms. Results 124 of 124 children had nutritional iron deficiency anemia, the rate of anemia was 9.95%; the rate of anemia in urban children was 6.79% and that in rural areas was 13.55%; the rate of anemia in rural children was significantly higher than that in urban children; The prevalence of anemia among boys and girls decreased year by year with an average of 4.75% for boys and 8.90% for girls, and the prevalence of girls was significantly higher than that of boys The prevalence of anemia among boys and girls decreased year by year with the average anemia rate of 8.57%, far lower than that of girls (19.40%). The difference was statistically significant (P <0.05). Anemia manifested as susceptible to the highest incidence of colds, gum swelling the lowest. Conclusions Nutritional iron deficiency anemia is more prevalent in young children, with a lower prevalence in boys than in girls. The main clinical manifestation is predisposition to cold and prevention of anemia.