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目的：探讨四川北部地区食管癌发病与吸烟的相关性，为临床研究提供资料，指导临床治疗，为综合防治措施提供策略。方法本实验将川北医学院附属医院2010年1月~2013年12月经病理确诊的358例食管癌病例作为病例组，并1：1配对对照组，探讨吸烟与食管癌的相关性。结果是否吸烟与食管癌的发病相关(<0.01)，吸烟指数Ⅰ级与食管癌的RR及95%CI为1.009(0.426~2.568)，吸烟指数Ⅱ级与食管癌的RR及95%CI为1.552(1.003~1.952)，吸烟指数Ⅲ级与食管癌的RR及95%CI为1.639(1.151~2.008)，吸烟指数Ⅳ级与食管癌的RR及95%CI为1.741(1.426~2.032)，吸烟指数Ⅴ级与食管癌的RR及95%CI为1.902(1.726~2.668)。结论是否吸烟与食管癌的发病相(<0.01)，且吸烟指数与食管癌的死亡风险存在显著的剂量-反应关系(<0.01)。倡导戒烟并且加强宣教和干预，对于预防和降低食管癌的发病具有重要的意义。“,”Objective To investigate the relationship between esophageal cancer and smoking in northern sichuan, provide data for clinical research, to guide the clinical treatment, strategies for comprehensive prevention and control measures.Methods Our experiment will be north sichuan medical college affiliated hospital from January 2010 to December 2013 menstrual pathological diagnosis of 358 cases of esophageal as case group, and 1:1 matching control group, to explore the correlation between smoking and esophageal cancer. Results Smoking and the incidence of esophageal cancer ( ﹤0.01), smoking indexⅠRR with esophageal cancer and 95%CI 1.009 (0.426~2.568), smoking indexⅡRR with esophageal cancer and 95%CI 1.552 (1.003~1.952), smoking index Ⅲ RR with esophageal cancer and 95% CI 1.639 (1.151~2.008), smoking index Ⅳ RR with esophageal cancer and 95% CI 1.741 (1.426~2.032), smoking index Ⅴ RR with esophageal cancer and 95% CI 1.902 (1.726~2.668). Conclusion Smoking and the incidence of esophageal cancer phase ( ﹤0.01), and smoking index and esophageal cancer mortality risk significant dose - response relationship ( ﹤0.01).Advocate to give up smoking and strengthen education and intervention, to prevent and reduce the incidence of esophageal cancer has important significance.