惯性测量单元(IMU)用来为舰载武器系统提供准确的姿态并实时监测舰船甲板的变形,对其数目和位置进行优化具有重要的实用价值。提出了多IMU优化布局的原则,建立了舰载IMU优化布局的数学模型,采用遗传算法对IMU的布局进行了优化求解。仿真结果表明,舰载IMU的布局是影响甲板变形估计精度的一个重要因素,通过对IMU的布局进行优化,减少了舰载武器系统所需IMU的数量;利用优化布局后IMU的输出信息对全舰甲板变形进行估计,估计精度有很大提高。 Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) is used to provide accurate attitude for shipborne weapon systems and to monitor ship deck deformation in real time. It is of great practical value to optimize its number and location. The principle of multi-IMU optimization layout is proposed, and the mathematical model of the optimized layout of the ship-borne IMU is established. The layout of IMU is optimized by genetic algorithm. The simulation results show that the layout of ship-borne IMU is an important factor affecting the deck deformation estimation accuracy. By optimizing the layout of the IMU, the number of IMUs needed by the shipborne weapon system is reduced. By using the optimized output layout, Ship deck deformation is estimated, the estimation accuracy has greatly improved.