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基于异质性产品线性反需求函数假说,本文构建了一个差异化产品替代弹性下跨国公司研发外包与本土企业最优研发投入的纳什-古诺模型。均衡解显示,跨国公司研发外包的过程,实质上是跨国公司在东道国根据研发产品替代弹性之不同,实施与东道国企业平行竞赛、交叉渗透和技术俘获战略的过程。长期以来由于跨国公司处于全球价值链的高端地位,东道国与之配套的代工企业则被动地被压制在制造过程的低端环节,使得跨国公司主导的研发过程的技术出现了由制造工厂向公司总部的逆向外溢。东道国代工企业要避免核心技术长期被跨国公司封锁,就必须实行动态技术跟进策略,针对跨国公司研发产品替代性和互补性的不同特点,动态调整研发投入的差异化定位。
Based on the hypothesis of heterogeneity product linear anti-demand function, this paper constructs a Nash-Cournot model of multinational R&D outsourcing and local enterprise optimal R&D investment under differentiated product substitution elasticity. The balanced solution shows that the process of R&D outsourcing by multinational corporations is essentially a process in which the transnational company conducts parallel competition, cross-infiltration and technology capture strategies with the host country based on the difference in the elasticity of R&D product in the host country. For a long time, multinational corporations have been at the high end of the global value chain, and the OEM companies supporting them have been passively suppressed at the low end of the manufacturing process. This has led to the emergence of multinational corporations’ technology in the R&D process from manufacturing plants to companies. The headquarters of the counter overflows. To avoid the core technology being blocked by transnational corporations for a long time, the OEM companies in the host country must adopt dynamic technology follow-up strategies to dynamically adjust the differentiated positioning of R&D investment in response to the different characteristics of the substitution and complementarity of multinational companies’ R&D products.