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板块构造理论应基于上地幔的对流。研究蛇绿岩以及碱性玄武岩和金伯利岩中的地幔包体表明,上地幔主要是由橄榄岩组成。橄榄石既是橄榄岩中最多的矿物(约占60~90%),也是最容易发生塑性变形的矿物。因此,大量实验工作的目的在于了解橄榄石的流变学问题。尽管橄榄石的流动性质已在实验室中进行了广泛的研究,但是,以往的实验压力都局限在1.8GPa以下。橄榄石蠕变象大部分高温条件下物质一样,是可以用幂律蠕变方程来描述: :%#::式中:ε—应变速率,А—常数,σ—流动应力,n—常数(通常3—4),
Plate tectonics theory should be based on the convection of the upper mantle. The study of ophiolites and mantle inclusions in alkaline basalt and kimberlite shows that the upper mantle is composed mainly of peridotites. Peridotite is the most peridotite minerals (about 60 ~ 90%), is also the most prone to plastic deformation of minerals. Therefore, the purpose of a large number of experimental work is to understand the rheological problems of olivine. Although the flow properties of olivine have been extensively studied in the laboratory, the previous experimental pressures were limited to below 1.8 GPa. Perlite creep, like most substances at high temperatures, can be described by a power-law creep equation:% # :: where: ε-strain rate, А-constant, σ-flow stress, n- Usually 3-4),