Optic nerve damage as a result of trauma, ischemia, glaucoma or other forms of optic neuropathy disease, leads to disconnection between the eye and brain and death of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), causing permanent loss of vision. Therapeutic options for treating optic neuropathy are limited and represent a signiifcant unmet medical need. Development of a regenerative strategy for replacement of lost RGCs lies at the core of the future cell-based therapy for these conditions. Successful long-term restoration of visual function depends on the type of cells for transplantation. Primary RGCs of neonatal mice are now reported to have the potential for serving such a purpose.