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从人类进入太空的最初尝试到宇宙飞船的出现,不管是载人发射还是不载人发射,在发射后都必须废弃运载器。现在的宇宙飞船不能重复使用,而且返回地球时落点散布很大,航天员承受的过载也很大,所以它不经济、不实用,也不甚安全。于是,美国从1972年起开始研制可部分重复使用、水平着陆的载人航天运载器——航天飞机。但它也只能部分重复使用,而不能全部重复使用。美国一些公司正在研制可全部重复使用的运载器,例如,美国旋转火箭公司的“旋子”运载器和洛克希德·马丁公司的X-33“冒险星”运载器等。
From the earliest attempts by mankind to go into space to the appearance of a spacecraft, either manned or unmanned, the carrier must be discarded after launch. Today’s spacecraft can not be reused, and when it comes back to Earth, it has a large distribution of spots. Astronauts are also overloaded, so it is uneconomical, impractical and not very safe. As a result, the United States started from 1972 to develop a partially reusable, horizontal landing manned space shuttle - the space shuttle. But it can only be partially reused, not all reused. Some U.S. companies are developing fully reusable vehicles, such as the U.S. Rotary Rocket Carrier and the Lockheed Martin X-33 Adventure Star carrier.