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为了探讨限额配水条件下阿瓦提灌区水土资源的可持续利用,根据灌区的现状和规划,设置了4个方案结合RS、GIS技术应用水盐平衡模型从区域的四个水平衡(地表水平衡、地下水平衡、供需水平衡、耗水平衡)和盐平衡等多个角度分析了各个子灌区的水土资源平衡,并提出优化配置建议。分析表明:保持现有耕地的情况下,必须在灌区内因地制宜合理开发利用地下水资源,与地表水统一调配才能满足该灌区新的水土资源平衡。而且,还需改善排水,最好是结合暗管或竖井排水,才能达到合理的灌排比,从而满足盐渍化严重农区的排盐要求。由此,从社会发展和环境保护的角度进一步提出,恢复弃耕地,逐年分阶段开发利用已开垦的未耕地,调整种植结构错开用水高峰,推广节水灌溉方式降低灌溉定额,地下水与地表水统一调配、统一管理、统一水价、实施“井灌井排”措施的干旱内陆区农业水土管理模式。
In order to explore the sustainable utilization of water and soil resources in Awati Irrigation Area under limited water distribution, according to the current situation and planning of irrigation districts, four schemes were set up, combining water and salt balance model of RS and GIS with four water balances (Surface Water Balance , Groundwater balance, water supply and demand balance, water consumption balance) and salt balance, and analyzed the balance of water and land resources in various sub-irrigation districts and put forward suggestions on optimal allocation. The analysis shows that under the circumstance of maintaining existing cultivated land, it is necessary to rationally develop and utilize groundwater resources within the irrigated area in order to meet the new water and soil resources balance in the irrigated area. Moreover, the need to improve drainage, it is best combined with underground pipe or shaft drainage, in order to achieve a reasonable irrigation and drainage ratio, so as to meet the serious salinization of salt drainage in rural areas. Therefore, from the perspective of social development and environmental protection, it is further proposed that restoration of abandoned farmland, development and utilization of reclaimed uncultivated land should be carried out stage by stage, adjustment of peak planting water use stagnation, promotion of water saving irrigation methods and reduction of irrigation quota, unification of groundwater and surface water Allocate, unify management, unify the price of water and implement the mode of agricultural soil and water management in the arid inland area in accordance with the measures of “well and well”.