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单核细胞增生李斯特菌是一种重要的食源性致病菌,由于该菌引发的疾病致死率较高,且其暴发常出现于工业加工食品中,从而引起世界范围的广泛关注。FAO/WHO微生物风险评估联合专家委员会(JEMRA)及美国、欧盟、澳大利亚和新西兰等国家分别对即食食品中单核细胞增生李斯特菌进行了风险评估,并根据风险评估采取适当的风险管理措施。本文对国际食品法典委员会及部分国家的风险管理措施进行了横向比较分析,提出进行完整的微生物风险评估是选择适当的微生物风险管理的必要前提,风险管理措施的有效实施需要国家主管机构、企业和消费者三方的共同参与。上述结论可为我国政府部门在现有法规框架内如何控制即食食品中单核细胞增生李斯特菌的风险提供参考。
Listeria monocytogenes is an important food-borne pathogenic bacteria, due to the disease caused a higher mortality rate of the disease, and its outbreaks often appear in industrial processed foods, causing widespread concern in the world. Joint FAO / WHO Committee of Experts on Microbial Risk Assessment (JEMRA) and countries such as the United States, the European Union, Australia and New Zealand conducted a risk assessment of Listeria monocytogenes in ready-to-eat foods and adopted appropriate risk management measures based on the risk assessment. This paper makes a horizontal comparison and analysis of risk management measures between the Codex Alimentarius Commission and some countries. It suggests that conducting a complete microbial risk assessment is a necessary prerequisite for the selection of appropriate microbial risk management. The effective implementation of risk management measures requires that the competent national authorities, enterprises and Consumers tripartite participation. This conclusion can provide reference for our government departments to control the risk of Listeria monocytogenes in ready-to-eat food within the framework of the existing laws and regulations.