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土壤水分是限制旱作农业生产的重要因子。采用等值线法分析6种不同前作模式下后茬大豆田土壤水分的时空分布规律,并对其水分利用效率和产量进行比较,以期为筛选半干旱地区节水高效型种植模式提供理论依据。结果表明:不同前作模式下大豆种植季土壤水分的时空动态变化相似,土壤贮水量均先降低后增加;随着时间的推移和土层深度的变化,土壤水分动态变化有一定的差异。其中,谷子→甘蓝→马铃薯→大豆轮作模式等值线密集,耗水速率快;玉米→甘蓝→马铃薯→大豆轮作模式等值线最疏松,左部等值线边缘数值大,土壤贮水量变化较小。各种植模式之间大豆生育期的耗水量差异明显,且不同种植模式下大豆产量和水分利用效率差异显著。其中玉米→马铃薯→甘蓝→大豆轮作模式下大豆产量显著高于其他种植模式,达到3 767.39kg/hm~2,水分利用效率为12.83kg/(hm~2·mm)。因此,玉米→马铃薯→甘蓝→大豆的种植模式优于其他种植模式,是适宜半干旱地区的较好种植组合。
Soil moisture is an important factor limiting dry farming. The contour line method was used to analyze the temporal and spatial distribution of soil moisture in the late cropping soybean field under six different pre-cropping patterns. The water use efficiency and yield were compared to provide a theoretical basis for screening water-saving and high-efficiency planting patterns in semi-arid areas. The results showed that the temporal and spatial dynamic changes of soil moisture under different cropping patterns were similar, and the soil water storage capacity both decreased first and then increased; with the passage of time and the change of soil depth, the dynamic changes of soil moisture were different. Among them, millet → cabbage → potato → soybeans had the same contour line and high water consumption rate; corn was the most looser, the value of marginal value of the left isoline was larger, and the change of soil water storage was more small. The water consumption of soybean during the growth period was significantly different among different planting modes, and the yield and water use efficiency of soybean differed significantly among different planting modes. The yield of soybean under corn → potato → cabbage → soybean rotation was significantly higher than that of other planting patterns, reaching 3767.39kg / hm ~ 2 and the water use efficiency was 12.83kg / (hm ~ 2 · mm). Therefore, the planting pattern of corn → potato → cabbage → soybean is superior to other planting patterns and is a better planting combination suitable for semi-arid areas.