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目的探讨跑步、动感单车锻炼对脂类代谢异常人群血脂、体成分的影响规律。方法将346名脂代谢异常人群分为男女动感单车和跑步4组。按照运动干预方案设计进行运动,每周运动3次,共持续16周。分别于锻炼前和锻炼结束时测试受试者血脂和全身不同部位体成分,所得数据组内比较采用Paired Samples t Test检验,组间比较采用Independent Samples t Test检验。结果 (1)16周锻炼后,女子动感单车组TG下降(P<0.05),HDL-C显著升高(P<0.001);女子跑步组HDL-C显著升高(P<0.001),LDL-C、CHOL下降(P<0.05);男子动感单车组HDL-C显著升高(P<0.001),男子跑步组TG、CHOL下降(P<0.05),HDL-C显著升高(P<0.001)。运动干预16周后,女子动感单车组受试者血液TG、HDL-C、LDL-C、CHOL变化率与跑步组均有显著性差异(P<0.05);男子动感单车组受试者血液TG、HDL-C、CHOL变化率与跑步组均有显著性差异(P<0.05)。(2)16周锻炼后,女子动感单车组全身体脂百分比、脂肪含量下降(P<0.01),肌肉含量增高(P<0.05);大腿、下身部位体脂百分比、脂肪含量均下降(P<0.05)。男子动感单车组全身体脂百分比、脂肪含量显著下降(P<0.01);上身、躯干和大腿部体脂百分比、脂肪含量下降(P<0.05)。16周锻炼后,女子跑步组全身体脂百分比、脂肪含量有非常显著性下降(P<0.001),肌肉含量增高(P<0.05);大腿部体脂百分比、脂肪含量下降(P<0.05),肌肉含量、瘦体质量增高(P<0.05);上身、下身、躯干部位体脂百分比、脂肪含量均下降(P<0.01)。男子跑步组全身体脂百分比、脂肪含量有非常显著性下降(P<0.001);上身、躯干、上肢和大腿部位体脂百分比、脂肪含量均下降(P<0.05)。运动干预16周后,女子动感单车组受试者全身、上身、大腿、下身体脂百分比、脂肪含量变化率与跑步组均有显著性差异(P<0.05),大腿部肌肉含量、瘦体质量变化率与跑步组均有显著性差异(P<0.05);男子动感单车组受试者全身、大腿部、躯干、上肢以及下身体脂百分比、脂肪含量变化率与跑步组均有显著性差异(P<0.05)。结论 16周动感单车和跑步锻炼均可改善血脂异常人群血脂,动感单车和跑步锻炼均可降低血脂异常人群体脂百分比、脂肪含量、增加肌肉含量;动感单车锻炼主要对大腿和下身脂肪的降低明显,跑步锻炼对全身各部位体脂含量均有改善作用。
Objective To investigate the influence of running and spinning on the blood fat and body composition of people with abnormal lipid metabolism. Methods 346 patients with abnormal lipid metabolism were divided into four groups: male and female motor cycle and running. Exercise designed according to exercise intervention program, exercise 3 times a week for a total of 16 weeks. The body composition of blood lipids and different parts of the body were tested before exercise and at the end of exercise respectively. The data obtained were compared using the Paired Samples t Test, and the groups were compared using the Independent Samples t Test. Results After 16 weeks’ training, TG decreased (P <0.05), HDL-C increased significantly (P <0.001), HDL-C increased significantly in women’s running group (P <0.001) (P <0.001); TG, CHOL of male runners group decreased (P <0.05); HDL-C of male runner group increased significantly (P <0.001) . After 16 weeks of exercise intervention, the changes of blood TG, HDL-C, LDL-C and CHOL in the women’s BMD group were significantly different from those in the running group (P <0.05). The TG , HDL-C, CHOL change rate and running group were significantly different (P <0.05). (2) After 16 weeks’ training, body fat percentage, fat content decreased (P <0.01), muscle content increased (P <0.05) 0.05). The body fat percentage and fat content decreased significantly in the male BMD group (P <0.01). The body fat percentage and fat content in the upper body, trunk and thigh decreased (P <0.05). After 16 weeks of training, body fat percentage and fat content in the running group were significantly decreased (P <0.001) and muscle contents were increased (P <0.05); the body fat percentage and fat content decreased in the thighs (P <0.05) , Muscle mass and lean mass (P <0.05). The body fat percentage and fat content of upper body, lower body and torso decreased (P <0.01). Body fat percentage and fat content decreased significantly in male runners (P <0.001). Body fat percentage and fat content in upper body, trunk, upper limbs and thighs decreased (P <0.05). After 16 weeks of exercise intervention, body fat, upper body, thigh, lower body fat percentage and fat content change rate of the women’s dynamic cycling group were significantly different from those of the running group (P <0.05) (P <0.05). The body fat percentage, thigh, trunk, upper extremity and lower body fat percent, fat percentage change rate of the male motor cycle group were significantly different from those of the running group Difference (P <0.05). Conclusions Both 16-week cycling and running exercise can improve blood lipids in dyslipidemics. Both spinning and running exercise can reduce body fat percentage and fat content and increase muscle mass in dyslipidemics group. The main reduction of dynamic body-building exercise on thigh and lower body fat is obvious , Running exercise on the body parts of the body fat content have improved.