管理层级在管理史上经历了一种过山车般的历程。人们对待层级的情感由福特时代的极度狂爱到信息技术兴起之后的极度厌恶,呈现钟摆式的振荡。随着近二十年来各种管理创新层出不穷,人们对层级的认识终于开始回落到了基本面,发现层级可能既不是好东西,也不是坏东西。它就像技术一样,好坏取决于使用者的信念和操作。正如罗伯特·艾克尔斯、尼丁·诺瑞亚和詹姆斯·伯 The management level has undergone a roller coaster ride in management history. The emotions that people deal with in the hierarchy are pendulum-like oscillations from the extreme madness and love in the Ford era to the extreme disgust after the rise of information technology. With the endless stream of management innovation in the past 20 years, people’s understanding of the level has finally started to fall back to the fundamentals. It is found that the level may not be good or bad. It is just like technology, good or bad depends on the user’s beliefs and operations. As Robert Ekles, Ni Ding Nuoria and James Bo